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Case Summaries

Case Summaries ⋆

Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd [1961]
Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd [1961] AC 388, commonly known as The Wagon Mound (No 1), established a crucial principle in the law of negligence—that for damage or injury to be actionable, it must be reasonably foresee...
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R v Pitham and Hehl [1997]
R v Pitham and Hehl [1997] 65 Cr App R 45 revolved around whether offering something for sale that one does not own, even without physically moving the property, constitutes appropriation under the Theft Act 1968.A person, referred to as M, sold furn...
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Attorney General’s Ref (No 1) [1975]
Attorney General’s Ref (No 1) [1975] QB 773 clarified the requirements for the offence of procuring, emphasising that shared intention between the person procuring an offence and the person committing it is not a necessary element.The facts involved ...
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R v Bainbridge [1960]
R v Bainbridge [1960] 1 QB 129 clarified the requirement for guilt in aiding and abetting, stating that the accessory must have knowledge of the intention of the principal to commit an offence of the type that was actually committed.The case involved...
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Blakely and Sutton v DPP [1991]
Blakely and Sutton v DPP [1991] Crim LR 763 examined the mens rea (mental element) required for the offence of procuring. The central premise established was that the mens rea of procuring entails both the intention to perform the act that significan...
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R v Rook [1993]
R v Rook [1993] 2 All ER 955 examined the requirement for an accused to successfully withdraw from a criminal enterprise in which they had initially participated. The key criterion emphasised was the necessity for unequivocal communication of withdra...
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R v Becerra and Cooper [1976]
R v Becerra and Cooper [1976] 62 App R 212 addressed the criteria for successfully withdrawing from a criminal enterprise, emphasising the necessity of unequivocal communication of withdrawal to other perpetrators.Becerra providing Cooper with a knif...
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R v O’Flaherty [2004]
R v O’Flaherty [2004] EWCA Crim 526 concerned the issue of withdrawal from a joint enterprise, emphasising that spontaneous disengagement without communication could constitute a valid withdrawal.Three defendants, X, Y, and Z, who participated in an ...
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R v Calhaem [1985]
R v Calhaem [1985] QB 808 explored the concept of guilt as an accessory and the extent of liability for counselling without a direct causal link between the counselling and the principal offence.Calhaem, the defendant, counselling an individual, X, t...
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R v Clarkson (David) [1971]
R v Clarkson (David) [1971] 55 Cr App Rep 445 is an English criminal case that dealt with aiding and abetting, particularly the requirement of active encouragement for liability to be established.The defendant, David Clarkson, was implicated in a dis...
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R v JF Alford Transport [1997]
R v JF Alford Transport [1997] 2 Cr APP R 326 addressed the principle that an omission could constitute aiding and abetting if the defendant had control over the principal and knowledge of the offence. Additionally, the court clarified that deliberat...
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National Coal Board v Gamble [1959]
National Coal Board v Gamble [1959] 1 QB 11, the court delved into the question of criminal liability for aiding and abetting an offence, emphasising that the accessory need not necessarily harbour the motive of encouraging the commission of the crim...
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R v Tyrrell [1894]
R v Tyrrell [1894] 1 QB 710 dealt with a legal conundrum regarding the criminal liability of a victim under a specific statutory provision. This case gave rise to the establishment of the victim rule, which holds that a victim cannot be considered an...
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R v Morris [1984]
R v Morris [1984] AC 320, also referred to as R v Morris; Anderton v Burnside, is a joined case heard by the House of Lords that dealt with the interpretation of appropriation in the context of theft, establishing essential principles that clarified ...
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R v Gnango [2011]
In R v Gnango [2011] UKSC 59, also known as R v Armel Gnango, is a Supreme Court case that dealt with the complex issue of whether an individual could be deemed an accessory to a crime when they were the intended victim. This legal inquiry brought th...
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