California Proposition 47, passed in 2014, aimed to reduce incarceration rates for nonviolent offences by reclassifying certain offences from felonies to misdemeanours. The impact of Proposition 47 on crime rates has been a subject of debate and study.
Property crimes: One of the most debated aspects of Proposition 47 is its effect on property crimes like theft and burglary. Critics argue that reclassifying theft of property worth less than $950 as a misdemeanour has led to an increase in property crimes, as offenders may perceive lighter penalties. Some data and reports suggest a potential uptick in property crimes, such as shoplifting and auto burglaries.
Larceny and auto break-ins: A study by the Public Policy Institute of California in 2018 found evidence that Proposition 47 may have contributed to an increase in larceny (theft) and auto break-ins but did not find evidence of a corresponding increase in violent crime.
Retail theft: Numerous media reports have highlighted an increase in retail theft incidents since Proposition 47's passage. Large retailers, such as Safeway, Target, Rite Aid, and CVS pharmacies, have reported higher incidents of shoplifting, which they attribute to the proposition.
Recidivism: Some research indicates that Proposition 47 led to a decline in recidivism rates (tendency to reoffend) for individuals convicted of covered offences. This means that fewer individuals who were released after committing Proposition 47 offences were re-arrested or reconvicted compared to before the reform.
Shift in offender behaviour: While some argue that Proposition 47 may have changed offender behaviour due to the reduced penalties, others contend that it did not act as a primary driver of crime increases. A study from the University of California, Irvine, suggested that the measure caused less harm to those charged with crimes but did not necessarily increase crime rates.
Impact on public safety: Opinions on the overall impact of Proposition 47 on public safety are divided. Critics point to increases in property crimes, while proponents emphasise the reduced burden on the prison system and potential benefits to individuals struggling with addiction.
While there is evidence of increased property crimes and thefts following its passage, the relationship between Proposition 47 and these crime increases is debatable. Some studies suggest that the measure may have contributed to changes in offender behavior and recidivism rates. The true long-term impact on public safety continues to be a topic of research and discussion within the criminal justice community.
