In the US criminal justice system, the motion to suppress is a legal filing made by a party (often the defence) in a criminal case, seeking the exclusion of specific evidence from being admitted or used during trial. The purpose of filing a motion to suppress is to challenge the admissibility of evidence that the party believes was obtained unlawfully or in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights. This is typically based on the principles of the exclusionary rule, which aims to deter law enforcement from engaging in unconstitutional practices and protect individuals' rights.
Grounds for suppression: The motion to suppress identifies the specific grounds on which the defendant seeks to exclude the evidence. Common grounds for suppression include unlawful search and seizure, Miranda rights violations, violations of due process, and chain of custody issues.
Supporting facts and arguments: The motion will present the facts and legal arguments supporting the defendant's claim that the evidence in question was obtained illegally or in violation of their constitutional rights. The defendant's attorney may cite relevant case law and legal principles to bolster their arguments.
Supporting affidavits or testimony: In some cases, the motion to suppress may be accompanied by supporting affidavits or testimony from witnesses, including the defendant, to establish the facts surrounding the alleged unlawful actions by law enforcement.
Pre-trial hearing: Once the motion to suppress is filed, the court may schedule a pre-trial hearing to consider the arguments from both the defence and the prosecution. During the hearing, the parties will present their respective positions and evidence, and the court will evaluate the merits of the motion.
Burden of proof: The burden of proof in a motion to suppress generally rests with the defendant, meaning they must demonstrate that the evidence was obtained unlawfully or in violation of their rights. However, this burden can shift to the prosecution if the defence establishes a prima facie case of a constitutional violation.
Ruling on the motion: After considering the arguments and evidence presented during the pre-trial hearing, the judge will make a ruling on the motion to suppress. If the court grants the motion, the evidence in question will be excluded from trial. If the court denies the motion, the evidence will be deemed admissible and may be presented during the trial.
Appeal: If either party disagrees with the court's ruling on the motion to suppress, they may have the right to appeal the decision to a higher court.
The motion to suppress is a crucial legal tool for defendants in criminal cases to protect their rights and ensure that unlawfully obtained evidence does not influence the outcome of their trial. It is essential for defendants to work closely with their attorneys to prepare a well-founded and persuasive motion to suppress evidence.
