Criminal Practice

Criminal Practice refers to the application of legal principles and procedures in the field of criminal law. It involves the practical aspects of representing clients and handling criminal cases within the criminal justice system. Here are the topics you will learn in this module.

Criminal Procedure
Criminal procedure refers to the rules and processes that govern how criminal cases are handled within the legal system. It covers the steps from the investigation and arrest of a suspect to the conclusion of the case, including pre-trial procedures, trial procedures, and post-trial processes. Criminal procedure ensures that the rights of the accused are protected and that justice is served.

Police and Prosecutors
This topic focuses on the roles and responsibilities of the police and prosecutors in the criminal justice system. It examines the powers and duties of the police in investigating crimes, gathering evidence, and making arrests. It also explores the role of prosecutors in charging individuals, presenting the case in court, and seeking justice on behalf of the state.

Criminal Litigation
Criminal litigation encompasses the process of litigating a criminal case in court. It includes the various stages, such as arraignment, bail hearings, pre-trial motions, discovery, plea negotiations, and the actual trial. It examines the strategies, procedures, and rules that apply to both the defence and the prosecution throughout the litigation process.

Summary Criminal Trial
Summary criminal trials are used for less serious offences that can be resolved in a shorter time frame. This topic covers the procedures and rules that apply to summary trials, including the presentation of evidence, examination of witnesses, legal arguments, and the determination of guilt or innocence by a judge.

Trial on Indictment
A trial on indictment refers to the more serious criminal cases that are heard in higher courts. This topic explores the procedures and rules that apply to such trials, including the selection of a jury, the presentation of evidence by both the prosecution and the defence, examination and cross-examination of witnesses, and the determination of guilt or innocence by the jury.

Sentencing
Sentencing focuses on the process of determining the appropriate punishment for individuals convicted of a crime. It examines the factors considered by the court in determining the sentence, such as the severity of the offence, the circumstances of the crime, the defendant's criminal history, and any mitigating or aggravating factors. It covers the different types of sentences, including imprisonment, fines, probation, community service, and rehabilitation programs.

Appeals
The topic of appeals deals with the process of challenging a criminal conviction or sentence in a higher court. It explores the grounds on which an appeal can be filed, the procedures for submitting an appeal, and the review process undertaken by the appellate court. It also covers the potential outcomes of an appeal, including the affirmation, modification, or overturning of the original conviction or sentence.

These topics collectively provide an overview of the key aspects involved in the practice of criminal law, from the initial procedures to the trial process, sentencing, and potential avenues for appeal.