Describe arbitration in alternative dispute resolution

Arbitration in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a process in which parties involved in a dispute submit their case to one or more impartial individuals, known as arbitrators, who make a binding decision on the dispute. It is a private and consensual method of resolving conflicts outside of traditional court proceedings.

Impartial decision-makers: Arbitration involves the appointment of one or more arbitrators who act as neutral third parties. The arbitrators are typically selected by the parties or designated according to an agreed-upon arbitration agreement or institutional rules. They are chosen for their expertise in the subject matter of the dispute and their ability to make fair and impartial decisions.

Binding decision: One of the defining characteristics of arbitration is that the decision rendered by the arbitrator(s), known as the arbitral award, is legally binding on the parties involved. It carries the same enforceability as a court judgment and is enforceable in accordance with the applicable laws and international conventions.

Choice of procedure and rules: The parties have the flexibility to choose the procedural rules that will govern the arbitration, such as those provided by arbitration institutions like the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), the London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA), or other recognised bodies. The chosen rules often govern various aspects of the arbitration, including the appointment of arbitrators, the conduct of proceedings, and the enforcement of the arbitral award.

Confidentiality: Arbitration proceedings are typically confidential, meaning that the details of the dispute and the arbitration process remain private. This confidentiality can help parties maintain their privacy, protect their business interests, and prevent the disclosure of sensitive information.

Limited judicial review: One of the advantages of arbitration is the limited scope for judicial intervention. Arbitral awards are generally final and subject to limited grounds for challenge or appeal. This promotes finality and efficiency in the dispute resolution process.

Flexibility and customisation: Arbitration offers flexibility in terms of the timing, location, language, and procedure of the proceedings. The parties have the ability to customise the process to suit their specific needs and preferences. They can agree on the selection of arbitrators, the rules of evidence, the scope of the arbitration, and other procedural aspects.

International enforcement: Arbitration is commonly used for resolving international disputes because arbitral awards can be recognised and enforced in multiple jurisdictions under international conventions, such as the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards.

Arbitration in ADR provides an alternative to traditional litigation, allowing parties to resolve their disputes in a private and enforceable manner. It offers advantages such as expertise of arbitrators, flexibility in procedure, confidentiality, and enforceability of awards. However, it may involve higher costs and may not be suitable for all types of disputes or parties who prefer a more formal court process.