EU Law

EU Law refers to the legal system and regulations governing the member states of the European Union (EU). It is a complex body of law that encompasses various areas of governance and policies within the EU. Here are the topics you will learn in this module.

Introduction
The introduction provides an overview of the EU, its history, objectives, and the legal framework that governs its member states. It explains the role of EU law in promoting integration, harmonisation, and cooperation among member states.

EU Treaties
The EU treaties serve as the primary sources of EU law. This topic examines the key treaties that have shaped the EU, such as the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). It explores the objectives, principles, and legal provisions outlined in these treaties.

EU Institutions
The EU institutions play a crucial role in the governance of the Union. This topic discusses the functions and powers of key EU institutions, including the European Commission, the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), and the European Central Bank.

Brexit
Brexit refers to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU. This topic examines the legal and practical implications of Brexit, including the negotiation process, the withdrawal agreement, and the impact on EU law and UK-EU relations.

EU Legal System
The EU legal system operates differently from national legal systems. This topic explores the unique characteristics of the EU legal system, including the principles of direct effect, supremacy, and uniform interpretation of EU law by the CJEU. It also discusses the relationship between EU law and national law.

Sources of EU Law
The sources of EU law refer to the origins and forms of EU legislation. This topic discusses the primary sources of EU law, including treaties, regulations, directives, and decisions. It also examines the role of secondary legislation, such as delegated acts and implementing acts.

EU Law Making
EU law is created through a legislative process involving EU institutions. This topic explores the process of EU lawmaking, including the proposal, negotiation, and adoption of legislation. It also discusses the role of member states and stakeholders in shaping EU laws.

Basic Principles of EU Law
This topic covers the fundamental principles that underpin EU law. It examines principles such as proportionality, subsidiarity, non-discrimination, and legal certainty. It also explores the principle of conferral, which defines the limits of EU competence.

Primacy of EU Law
The principle of the primacy of EU law states that EU law takes precedence over conflicting national laws. This topic discusses the concept of primacy, its implications for national legal systems, and the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in ensuring the uniform interpretation and application of EU law.

State Liability
State liability refers to the responsibility of member states for breaches of EU law. This topic examines the conditions and procedures for holding member states accountable for damages caused by their failure to comply with EU law.

Free Movement of Goods
The free movement of goods is a fundamental principle of the EU internal market. This topic explores the legal framework and principles governing the free movement of goods, including the removal of trade barriers, product standards, and restrictions on imports and exports.

Freedom of Services and Establishment
Freedom of services and establishment allows individuals and businesses to provide services and establish themselves in any EU member state. This topic examines the legal framework and principles governing these freedoms, including the rights of establishment, cross-border provision of services, and the recognition of professional qualifications.

Free Movement of Capital
The free movement of capital involves the removal of restrictions on the movement of money and investments within the EU, allowing for the unrestricted movement of money, investments, and financial assets within the EU member states. It aims to create an integrated and efficient single market for capital, promote economic growth, and facilitate cross-border investments.

Free Movement of Persons
The free movement of persons is a core principle of EU law that allows EU citizens to live, work, and study in any member state. This topic explores the legal framework and principles governing the free movement of persons, including the rights of EU citizens, their family members, and the limitations and safeguards in place.

Competition Policy
Competition policy aims to ensure fair competition and prevent anti-competitive practices within the EU. This topic examines the legal framework and principles of EU competition law, including the prohibition of cartels, abuse of dominant market positions, and the regulation of mergers and acquisitions.

EU Human Rights
The EU has a framework for the protection and promotion of human rights within its member states. This topic explores the EU's commitment to human rights, including the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the EU's relationship with the European Convention on Human Rights.

Retained EU Law
Following Brexit, the UK retained certain EU laws as part of its domestic legislation. This topic examines the concept of retained EU law, the process of incorporation, and the implications for the UK legal system.

The study of EU Law provides individuals with an understanding of the legal framework that governs the European Union and its member states. It covers a wide range of legal areas, from the functioning of EU institutions to the rights and obligations of individuals and businesses within the EU. Understanding EU law is essential for businesses operating within the EU, legal professionals dealing with cross-border matters, and individuals seeking to exercise their rights as EU citizens.