What is Rule of Law?

The rule of law is a fundamental principle that refers to the idea that no one is above the law and that everyone, including individuals and governments, must abide by the law. It means that the law is supreme, and all actions by individuals or governments must be governed by and conducted within the boundaries of the law. It is also the idea that laws should apply equally to everyone, and that no one is above the law. The rule of law has several important components, including:

Supremacy of Law
The rule of law establishes that the law is the supreme authority and governs the actions of both government officials and private citizens. This principle ensures that decisions are made based on legal norms rather than arbitrary power.

Equality Before the Law
Everyone, regardless of their status, wealth, or power, is subject to the same legal standards. This means that laws must be applied impartially, and no one should receive preferential treatment or be unfairly disadvantaged.

Accountability to the Law
Government officials and public servants are accountable under the law for their actions. This includes adhering to legal constraints and facing consequences if they breach these constraints.

Fairness in the Application of the Law
Laws must be applied and enforced in a manner that is just and reasonable. This includes fair procedures, unbiased decision-making, and respect for human rights.

Separation of Powers
The rule of law is supported by the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. This division helps to prevent abuse of power and ensures that no single entity has unchecked authority.

Legal Certainty
Laws must be clear, publicised, and stable, allowing individuals to understand their rights and obligations. Legal certainty enables people to plan their actions accordingly and fosters trust in the legal system.

Access to Justice
Individuals must have access to mechanisms for resolving disputes and protecting their rights. This includes access to courts, legal representation, and the assurance that justice will be administered without undue delay or cost.

The rule of law is an essential aspect of any democratic society, as it ensures that government officials, organisations and individuals act within the boundaries of the law, and that citizens have a clear understanding of their rights and responsibilities. It helps to protect citizens from arbitrary or unjust actions by government officials or other powerful actors, and it promotes stability, predictability, and trust in government institutions.