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Direct Effect of EU Law

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

European Union (EU) law has direct effect on the member states and their citizens. Direct effect means that individuals and companies can rely on EU law to assert their rights...

Direct Effect of EU Law

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

European Union (EU) law has direct effect on the member states and their citizens. Direct effect means that individuals and companies can rely on EU law to assert their rights...

Von Colson v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen [1984]

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

C-14/83 Von Colson v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen [1984] was a landmark case decided by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 1984. The case established the principle of indirect effect of...

Von Colson v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen [1984]

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

C-14/83 Von Colson v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen [1984] was a landmark case decided by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 1984. The case established the principle of indirect effect of...

Indirect Effect of EU Law

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

Indirect effect is another way in which EU law can have an impact on national law and the actions of individuals and member states. Indirect effect refers to the ability...

Indirect Effect of EU Law

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

Indirect effect is another way in which EU law can have an impact on national law and the actions of individuals and member states. Indirect effect refers to the ability...

Intervening Cause

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

In law, an intervening cause, also known as novus actus interveniens meaning a new intervening act, is an event that occurs after the defendant's initial act or omission, and contributes...

Intervening Cause

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

In law, an intervening cause, also known as novus actus interveniens meaning a new intervening act, is an event that occurs after the defendant's initial act or omission, and contributes...

Pure Psychiatric Harm

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

Pure psychiatric harm refers to a type of harm that is not accompanied by any physical injury or damage, but is instead related to the emotional or psychological well-being of...

Pure Psychiatric Harm

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

Pure psychiatric harm refers to a type of harm that is not accompanied by any physical injury or damage, but is instead related to the emotional or psychological well-being of...

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is an international treaty established by the Council of Europe in 1950 to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. The Convention...

European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)

UOLLB First Class Law Notes

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is an international treaty established by the Council of Europe in 1950 to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. The Convention...

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