The Statement of Solicitor Competence is a foundational document that defines the continuing competences required from all solicitors. This holistic approach sets out the standards for practising and using the title of solicitor in England and Wales....
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SQE
In the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE), candidates are evaluated not only on their legal knowledge but also on their ability to act ethically and in accordance with professional conduct standards. This includes a focus on the Solicitors Regul...
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In the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE), candidates are expected to navigate and apply legal authorities effectively. Legal authorities refer to case names, statutory provisions, or other legal references that encapsulate legal principles, are...
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Under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954, a Section 25 notice is a formal notice served by a landlord to a tenant in the context of business tenancies. It is a key element of the statutory process for terminating and renewing business leases.The notice...
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CPR Part 36 is a specific section within the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) in England and Wales that deals with offers to settle and the potential costs consequences of such offers. It is a crucial aspect of civil litigation and is designed to encourag...
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In the legal jurisdiction of England and Wales, the sources and application of law exhibit unique characteristics that candidates in the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) must comprehend and apply effectively. Although Wales does not constitute...
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The SQE (Solicitors Qualifying Examination) emphasises the practical application of legal knowledge through various question styles. The illustrations below provide an overview of the range of question styles used to assess candidates' functioning le...
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The SQE1 assessments focus on evaluating candidates' functioning legal knowledge, representing the depth and breadth of understanding required of a newly qualified solicitor in England and Wales. This entails the practical application of legal knowle...
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The Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) is a new assessment for individuals who wish to qualify as solicitors in England and Wales. The SQE1 is divided into two parts: Functioning Legal Knowledge 1 (FLK1) and Functioning Legal Knowledge 2 (FLK2)....
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Security of tenure under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 Part II refers to the rights granted to business tenants in England and Wales, allowing them to remain in their commercial premises and renew their lease at the end of the contractual term, su...
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Offences against the person refer to a range of criminal acts that involve causing harm or injury to another individual. These offences are typically categorised as crimes against the person, as they involve direct harm to an individual's physical or...
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Negotiation is an important skill that is incorporated into various assessments in SQE2. While there is no separate assessment called negotiation, it is assessed through different components such as interviews, attendance notes, legal analysis, case ...
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In the Solicitors Qualifying Examination Stage 2 (SQE2), the assessment of the practical legal skills is conducted in the context of various practice areas. Here is an explanation of how the practical legal skills are assessed in each practice area:C...
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The Solicitors Qualifying Examination Stage 2, commonly abbreviated as SQE2, is the second part of the SQE, which is designed to assess your practical legal skills. While the specific details of the assessment format may vary, the following practical...
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The Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) is divided into SQE1 and SQE2. SQE1 is further divided into FLK1 and FLK2 which assess different sets of functional legal knowledge (FLK). Here is an overview of the topics in FLK2:Property Practice: Proper...
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The Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) is divided into SQE1 and SQE2. SQE1 is further divided into FLK1 and FLK2 which assess different sets of functional legal knowledge (FLK). Here is an overview of the topics in FLK1:Business Law and Practice...
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The Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) is the two-stage professional assessment (SQE1 and SQE2) that individuals must pass in order to qualify as solicitors in England and Wales. Introduced in 2021, the SQE replaced the previous route to qualifi...
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LLB Exams
Exam failures among law students can be attributed to various factors, ranging from personal challenges to academic hurdles. Identifying these reasons is crucial for developing effective strategies to improve academic performance. One primary cause i...
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The IRAC method is a widely used framework for organising and presenting legal analysis, particularly in law schools and legal practice. IRAC stands for Issue, Rule, Application, and Conclusion.Issue: Identify the legal issue or problem that needs to...
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Embarking on a journey through law school is a remarkable undertaking that demands not only dedication but also a strategic approach to ensure your success. Being an effective law student goes beyond mere classroom attendance – it involves cultivatin...
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The pursuit of first-class results not only showcases your dedication and understanding of the law but also opens doors to exciting opportunities in your legal career. However, reaching this pinnacle requires more than mere diligence. Here are the 10...
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Every year many law students study very hard but cannot achieve the results they deserve. Although luck is a factor that may affect your results, your study method plays a crucial role in your academic success. Here are the secrets to how top law stu...
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Online exams have become a common form of assessment since the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though the world has gotten back to normal, online assessments continue to be adopted by many universities. What makes an online exam special is that it may also b...
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To improve your law exam skills, it is important to focus on both your understanding of the law and your exam preparation strategies. Here are some tips to help you excel in law exams: Understand the exam format: Familiarise yourself with the structu...
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Studying law efficiently requires a systematic approach and dedication. Here are some tips to help you learn law effectively:Establish a study routine: Set aside dedicated time for studying law each day. Consistency is key to building a solid foundat...
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When preparing for a law exam that includes problem questions, it can be helpful to have a checklist to ensure you cover all the necessary elements. Here's a checklist you can use:Have I identified the legal issue?Read the problem question carefully ...
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Here is a more detailed law essay checklist to help you cover all the important aspects of writing a comprehensive and well-structured essay:Understanding the questionHave I thoroughly read and understood the essay question or prompt?Have I identifie...
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For every question, it is essential to understand and apply the relevant law to the given problem scenario. You are advised to be thorough in your analysis, provide well-reasoned arguments, and support your conclusions with legal authority. Here is a...
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Writing a first-class law essay requires a deep understanding of legal principles, critical analysis, and effective communication. Take your time, conduct thorough research, and ensure your arguments are supported by credible sources and legal reason...
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As a law student, preparing for exams can be a daunting task. There is a lot of material to cover, and you need to be able to analyse and apply the law effectively. However, by mastering certain skills, you can improve your chances of success. Here a...
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Predicting exam questions is important because it helps you focus your study efforts on the most important topics that are likely to be covered on the exam. By understanding what types of questions may be asked, you can develop a study plan that targ...
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Essay question words, also known as directive words, are the specific words or phrases used in an essay question that tell the writer what approach they should take when answering the question. These words help to guide the writer and ensure that the...
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Law exams can be challenging, but with proper preparation and effective exam-taking strategies, you can improve your skills and increase your chances of success. Here are some tips for improving your skills for a law exam:Review the syllabus and unde...
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Here are some key phrases that can help your law essay stand out from others.This question deals with … The principal issue raised by this question … The main issue is whether … The issues to be considered are … The problem also raises the issue of …...
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A law essay is an academic paper written by a law student that explores and analyses legal issues, principles, and theories. Law essays generally fall into the following three categories:Legal Theory: This type of essay focuses on exploring why the l...
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Writing effective law essays requires a combination of clear communication, analytical thinking, and adherence to proper legal writing conventions. Do not use casual or informal language. Keeping it simple does not mean informality; your style s...
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Open book exams can be a trap for incautious students. The good thing about open book exams is that you can refer to anything you get hold of while taking the exam. However, this is also where problems lie. You should not copy reference materials ver...
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To most law students, law exams is a formidable challenge that demands meticulous preparation, unwavering determination, and strategic execution. These 10 Golden Rules encapsulate time-tested strategies to help you navigate the complexities of legal ...
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Don’t waste your time retelling the whole story or any part of it. You won’t get marks for doing this. You just need to state the principle or ruling of the case to support your point. Ideally, you should cite the whole case name, including the year,...
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Your professors love to ask you to do all the readings and read all the cases. This is certainly the wrong way to study law. First, cases are very long and full of clumsy sentences badly written by judges who do not care about your understanding.Seco...
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The first step to a successful law essay is understanding the question. One of the most effective ways of breaking down the question is to identify the direction, content, and scope or limiting words.Critically analyse the extent to which the tort of...
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Bar Exams
The NextGen Bar Exam, set to debut in 2026, will focus on testing candidates' proficiency in essential legal skills that are crucial for effective legal practice. It aims to ensure that attorneys can deliver high-quality services, advocate effec...
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The NextGen Bar Exam was set to be introduced in 2026, aiming to emphasise skills-based knowledge rather than relying heavily on content memorisation. Nevertheless, the fundamental legal concepts and principles tested in NextGen are expected to ...
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The NextGen Bar Exam is the new US bar exam set to debut in 2026, representing a shift from the traditional bar exam by emphasising skills-based knowledge over content memorisation. The purpose of the new bar exam remains the same, which is to ensure...
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Foreign law graduates may be eligible to take the New York Bar Exam directly based on their foreign legal qualification. The specific requirements for foreign-educated applicants are outlined in Section 520.6 of the Rules of the Court of Appeals in N...
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Foreign law graduates who wish to take the US bar exam must meet certain eligibility and requirements in order to be admitted to practice law in the United States. Here are the general requirements: Eligibility: The eligibility requirements for forei...
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The US bar exam is a standardised test that is administered to law school graduates who wish to practice law in the United States. The exam is typically administered over two days and consists of both multiple-choice and essay questions. The purpose ...
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The California Bar Exam is a test that individuals must pass in order to become licensed to practise law in the state of California. The exam is administered by the State Bar of California and consists of both a written portion and a multiple-choice ...
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The All India Bar Exam (AIBE) is a national level exam conducted by the Bar Council of India (BCI) for candidates who have completed their law degrees and wish to practice law in India. The AIBE consists of 100 multiple-choice questions testing ...
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Becoming a lawyer in Pakistan requires a combination of academic qualifications, practical training and passing the bar exam. The process of becoming a lawyer in Pakistan typically takes several years to complete, and you will need to follow these sp...
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The All India Bar Exam (AIBE) is a national-level examination that is conducted by the Bar Council of India (BCI) to assess the knowledge and skills of law graduates who want to practice law in India. The AIBE is mandatory for all law graduates who w...
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Becoming a lawyer in India requires a combination of academic qualifications and passing the bar exam. The process of becoming a lawyer typically takes several years to complete, and you will need to follow these specific steps: Complete secondary ed...
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California is one of the most popular destinations for foreign and domestic lawyers to practise law there. Each years, over 16,000 candidates sit the California Bar Exam, but sadly it is one of the hardest bar exams with one of the lowest pass rates ...
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Becoming a lawyer in New Zealand requires a combination of academic qualifications and practical training. The process of becoming a lawyer typically takes several years to complete, and you will need to follow these specific steps: Complete a law de...
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Becoming a lawyer in Canada requires a combination of academic qualifications, practical training, and passing the bar exam. The process of becoming a lawyer typically takes several years to complete, and you will need to follow these specific steps:...
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The New York Law Course (NYLC) is a requirement for admission to the New York State Bar. It is an online course that covers New York-specific legal topics, including ethics, professionalism, and skills needed for practicing law in New York. The NYLC ...
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Becoming a lawyer in New York requires a combination of academic qualifications, passing the bar exam, and satisfying some additional requirements. The process of becoming a lawyer typically takes several years to complete the following steps: Earn a...
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The New York Law Exam (NYLE) is a two-hour online exam administered by the New York State Board of Law Examiners. The exam is designed to test a candidate's knowledge of New York law and procedure, which is a requirement for admission to the bar in t...
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Becoming a solicitor in England and Wales requires a combination of academic qualifications, passing qualifying exams and gaining qualified work experience. The profession is regulated by the Solicitors Regulatory Authority, and the process of becomi...
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Becoming a barrister in England and Wales requires a combination of academic qualifications, practical training, and pupillage. The profession is regulated by the General Council of the Bar, and the process of becoming a barrister typically takes sev...
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Becoming a lawyer in Australia requires a combination of academic qualifications and practical training. To become a lawyer in Australia, you will need to follow these specific steps:Obtain a law degree: You will need to complete a Bachelor of Laws o...
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Becoming a lawyer in Malaysia requires a combination of academic qualifications, practical training, and passing the bar exam. The profession is regulated by the Malaysia Bar, and the process of becoming a lawyer typically takes several years to comp...
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Becoming a lawyer in Singapore requires a combination of academic qualifications, practical training, and passing the bar exams. The profession is regulated by the Legal Services Regulatory Authority, and the process of becoming a lawyer typically ta...
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Becoming a solicitor in Hong Kong requires a combination of academic qualifications, practical training, and passing qualifying exams. The profession is regulated by the Hong Kong Bar Association, and the process of becoming a barrister typically tak...
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Becoming a solicitor in Hong Kong requires a combination of academic qualifications, practical training, and passing qualifying exams. The profession is regulated by the Law Society of Hong Kong, and the process of becoming a solicitor typically take...
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The American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct are a set of ethical guidelines that govern the professional conduct of lawyers in the United States. The Model Rules were first adopted in 1983 and have been revised several times sinc...
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A-Level Law
Click the following links for model answers.Questions 1. Discuss the advantages of parliamentary law-making.2. Explain the law-making process in the UK Parliament.3. Explain the limitations on parliamentary supremacy.4. Describe the work of judges in...
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In England and Wales, the selection and appointment process for both superior and inferior judges is governed by the Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC). The JAC is an independent body responsible for selecting candidates for judicial positions ba...
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While there are various methods available to fund civil cases, each option has its own disadvantages. Here are some common disadvantages associated with different methods of funding civil cases:Paying privately: Funding the case out of pocket can be ...
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Someone injured in an accident has several options for obtaining legal advice and representation. Here are some common avenues and methods for accessing legal assistance:Personal injury solicitors: Personal injury solicitors specialise in handling ca...
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A solicitor is a legal professional who provides a range of legal services to individuals, businesses, and organisations. Their work involves advising clients, preparing legal documents, and representing clients in various legal matters.Client consul...
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While the use of lay persons, such as lay magistrates and juries, in the criminal justice system has several advantages, there are also some disadvantages to consider.Limited legal knowledge: Lay persons in the criminal justice system, including lay ...
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In a Crown Court trial in the UK, a jury plays a crucial role in the administration of justice. The primary function of a jury is to determine the facts of the case and deliver a verdict based on those facts.Impartiality: A jury is selected from the ...
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In the UK, magistrates are volunteer judges who preside over cases in the Magistrates' Court, which is the lowest level of criminal court. Magistrates play a crucial role in the justice system, handling a wide range of criminal cases and making decis...
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Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) refers to a range of methods and techniques used to resolve conflicts and disputes outside of traditional litigation or court proceedings. It offers several advantages as a form of dispute resolution compared to t...
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Arbitration in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a process in which parties involved in a dispute submit their case to one or more impartial individuals, known as arbitrators, who make a binding decision on the dispute. It is a private and cons...
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In negotiation, the parties engage in discussions to identify and explore their respective interests, concerns, and potential solutions. The goal is to reach a resolution that satisfies the interests of all parties involved. The negotiation process a...
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In the UK, a negligence claim can be heard in various courts, depending on the nature and value of the claim. Here is an overview of the courts that may have jurisdiction over a negligence claim, including the appeal courts.Small Claims TrackUnder th...
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Precedent, or the doctrine of stare decisis, is an important feature of common law. It has both advantages and disadvantages in the legal system.Advantages Certainty and predictability: Precedent promotes legal certainty and predictability. When judg...
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While the doctrine of stare decisis generally requires judges to follow precedent and be bound by previous decisions, there are some ways in which judges can avoid following precedent.Distinguishing the facts: Judges may avoid following precedent by ...
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Hierarchy and ratio decidendi are two important concepts in the field of legal reasoning and the common law system.Hierarchy Hierarchy refers to the structure of authority and precedence within a legal system. It establishes the relative authority an...
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The golden rule in statutory interpretation, which allows courts to depart from the literal meaning of words when it leads to an absurd or unreasonable outcome, has both advantages and disadvantages.AdvantagesFlexibility and avoidance of absurdity: O...
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The golden rule is a principle of statutory interpretation used by courts to interpret legislation when the literal rule leads to an absurd or unreasonable result. It allows the court to depart from the literal meaning of the words and interpret them...
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Delegated legislation, which refers to the power given to administrative or executive bodies to create regulations under the authority of primary legislation, has some disadvantages. While delegated legislation can provide flexibility and efficiency ...
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Judicial controls on delegated legislation refer to the mechanisms through which the courts oversee and review regulations made by administrative or executive bodies under the authority of primary legislation. These controls are intended to ensure th...
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By-laws and Orders in Council are two distinct legal instruments that are used to create regulations and rules in different contexts.By-laws By-laws are local laws or regulations created by subordinate authorities, such as local governments, municipa...
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Parliamentary law-making, where laws are enacted by the legislative body, such as the UK Parliament, has several advantages that contribute to a democratic and accountable legal system.Representative democracy: Parliamentary law-making ensures that l...
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The law-making process in the UK Parliament involves several stages, starting from the proposal of a bill to its enactment as law.Proposal and introduction: The law-making process begins with the proposal of a new law, which can originate from variou...
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Parliamentary supremacy, also known as parliamentary sovereignty, is a fundamental principle of the country's constitutional framework. It refers to the notion that Parliament is the supreme legal authority, and its laws have ultimate authority and c...
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A-Level Law is a challenging and rewarding subject that provides students with an in-depth understanding of the legal system and the principles of law. Through the study of A-Level Law, students will develop a range of skills, including critical thin...
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Welcome to the UOLLB free A-Level Law course! This course is designed to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of the legal system and the principles of law. A-Level Law is an exciting subject that offers students the opportunity to develop ...
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Your perfect companion for open-book and closed-book exams
Diagrams and Charts
Our carefully designed diagrams and charts will guide you through complex legal issues.
Clear and Succinct Definitions
Key concepts are concisely defined to help you understand legal topics quickly.
Statutory Provisions
Statutory provisions are provided side by side with legal concepts to help you swiftly locate the relevant legislation.
Case Summaries
We have summarised important cases for you so that you don't need to read long and boring cases.
Rules and Exceptions
Rules and exceptions are clearly listed so that you know when a rule applies and when it doesn't.
Terminology
Legal terms and key concepts are explained at the beginning of each chapter to help you learn efficiently.
Case Law
Case law is provided side by side with legal concepts so that you know how legal principles and precedents were established.
Law Essay Guide
You will learn essential law exam skills and essay writing techniques that are not taught in class.
Problem Question Guide
We will show you how to answer problem questions step by step to achieve first-class results.
Structured Explanations
Complex legal concepts are broken down into concise and digestible bullet point explanations.
Legal Research
You will learn legal research techniques with our study guide and become a proficient legal researcher.
Exam-focused
All essential concepts, principles, and case law are included so that you can answer exam questions quickly.