The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) are two cornerstone instruments for the protection of human rights in Europe, but they serve different purposes within different legal fr...
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The Court of Justice of the European Union stands as a pillar of justice, ensuring the harmonious application and interpretation of EU law across its member states. Within this esteemed institution, standing as a bastion of legal integrity and cohere...
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General principles of European Union law serve as foundational concepts applied by both the European Court of Justice and national courts within member states when assessing the legality of legislative and administrative measures. These principles, b...
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The European Economic Area (EEA) serves several purposes, primarily focused on fostering economic cooperation and integration between the European Union (EU) and non-EU member states. Single market access: The EEA provides non-EU countries with acces...
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The European Economic Area (EEA) exists as a broader economic integration framework that includes countries that are not members of the European Union (EU) but still wish to participate in the single European market. The EEA was established to extend...
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The European Union (EU) and the Council of Europe are two distinct organisations that are often mixed up by law students. The European Council and the Council of the European are two distinct EU institutions that often baffles students studying EU la...
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The European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA) are two distinct but closely related transnational entities in Europe. European Union Membership: The EU is a political and economic union of 27 European countries that are located primaril...
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Article 28 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) establishes the foundational principle of a customs union within the European Union. The Union shall be based upon a customs union which shall cover all trade in goods and which...
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The principle of subsidiarity is a fundamental concept in the European Union (EU) that guides decision-making and the allocation of responsibilities between the EU and its member states. It is enshrined in the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and is me...
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In EU Law, competence refers to the legal authority or jurisdiction that the EU has in specific policy areas. Competence determines which level of government, whether it is the EU as a whole or individual member states, can make decisions and enact l...
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The European Union does not have a single, comprehensive constitution like many nation-states. Instead, the EU's legal framework is based on a series of treaties and agreements, including the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning...
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The Four Freedoms are core principles of EU law that aim to promote the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people within the EU's single market. These freedoms are fundamental to the EU's objective of creating a unified economic...
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The rule of law, which ensures that the EU operates as a legal and democratic entity, is enshrined in EU law. It encompasses several key elements that guide the functioning of the EU's institutions and member states within the EU legal framework.Lega...
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The European Union uses different types of legal acts to establish and regulate its policies and laws. These types of EU legal acts allow the EU to establish legal frameworks, set standards, and provide guidance across a wide range of policy areas wh...
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In EU law, the principles of direct effect and indirect effect are legal doctrines that determine how EU laws, particularly EU regulations and directives, are applied and enforced within the legal systems of EU member states.Direct effect: Direct eff...
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