The House of Lords is the upper house of the UK Parliament. Unlike the House of Commons, the House of Lords is not composed of elected representatives. Instead, it is made up of around 800 members, most of whom are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister.
The House of Lords has a number of important functions. Firstly, it has a role in the law-making process. Bills (proposed laws) that are passed by the House of Commons are scrutinised and amended by the House of Lords, who may suggest changes or modifications. Once a bill has been passed by both chambers, it is sent to the monarch for royal assent and becomes law.
Secondly, the House of Lords has a role in holding the government to account. While it does not have the same powers as the House of Commons in this regard, it can still ask government ministers questions and initiate debates on specific policy issues.
Thirdly, the House of Lords acts as a forum for independent expertise and scrutiny. Many members of the House of Lords are experts in their field, and are able to bring a wealth of knowledge and experience to debates and decision-making.
The House of Lords plays an important role in the UK's democratic and constitutional system. While it does not have the same powers as the House of Commons, it provides an important check on government power and ensures that legislation is properly scrutinised and debated.
You can learn more about this topic and relevant case law with our Public Law notes.
